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The terrorist threat from al-Qaida, the Islamic State group and their affiliates remains high in conflict zones in Africa and in Afghanistan \u2013 and threat levels have risen in some regions including Europe, U.N. experts said in a new report.<\/p>\n
The panel of experts said in the 23-page report that the relationship between Afghanistan\u2019s Taliban rulers and al-Qaida remains close, and unnamed member states report that \u201cthe high concentration of terrorist groups\u201d in the country are undermining the security situation in the region.<\/p>\n
The greatest threat within Afghanistan still comes from the Islamic State \u201cwith its ability to project into the region and beyond,\u201d the experts said in the report to the U.N. Security Council covering the period until Dec. 16, 2023 which was circulated Wednesday. Regionally, they pointed to a succession of attacks in neighboring Iran and Pakistan and threats in Central Asian nations.<\/p>\n
The panel said, however, that while none of the al-Qaida affiliated groups have recovered the capability to launch long-range operations, \u201cthey harbor global ambitions.\u201d And it said \u201ccovert and calibrated efforts to rebuild capability\u201d have been reported.<\/p>\n
The Islamic State group broke away from al-Qaida over a decade ago and attracted supporters from around the world. Despite its defeat in Iraq<\/a> in 2017 and in Syria two years later. The panel said the combined IS strength in the two countries is still between 3,000 and 5,000 fighters. In Iraq, they are carrying out \u201ca low-intensity insurgency with covert terrorist cells\u201d while in Syria attacks<\/a> have intensified since November, the experts said.<\/p>\n The panel said the three-month delay in naming the current IS leader<\/a>, Abu Hafs al-Hashemi al-Qurayshi, following the death in fighting of his little-known predecessor \u201cis judged indicative of internal difficulties and security challenges\u201d<\/p>\n Some unnamed U.N. member nations have assessed that serious pressure from counter-terrorism operations in Syria and Iraq raise the possibility that the Islamic State could move its leadership and \u201ccenter of gravity\u201d to Africa or Afghanistan, with Africa more likely, the experts said.<\/p>\n In West Africa and the Sahel, the panel said, \u201cviolence and threat have escalated again\u201d in conflict zones, raising concerns among U.N. member nations. The experts point to \u201ca deficit in counterterrorism capabilities,\u201d which Islamic State and al-Qaida affiliated groups are continuing to exploit.<\/p>\n \u201cThe situation is becoming ever more complex with the conflation of ethnic and regional disputes with the agenda and operations of these groups,\u201d they said.<\/p>\n In east Africa, the experts said, the Somali government<\/a> is continuing its military offensive against al-Shabab, an al-Qaida affiliate, but they said U.N. member nations assess that despite significant losses from air strikes and military operations, \u201cal-Shabab remains resilient. It has an estimated 7,000 to 12,000 fighters, and an estimated $100 million annual income, mostly from illegal taxation in the capital Mogadishu and southern Somalia, they said.<\/p>\n The panel said al-Qaida has improved its media productions which appeared aimed at restoring the extremist group\u2019s credibility, attracting recruits, and filling the void over its inability to announce a new leader.<\/p>\n But that messaging changed after Hamas\u2019 Oct. 7 attacks in southern Israel, the experts said.<\/p>\n The attack killed 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and Hamas and other extremists took about 250 people hostage, according to Israeli authorities. In Israel\u2019s ongoing offensive in response in Gaza<\/a> aimed at destroying Hamas, more than 27,000 people have been killed, according to the territory\u2019s health ministry which doesn\u2019t distinguish between civilian and combatant deaths.<\/p>\n The experts said Al-Qaida has focused on \u201cthe sanctity\u201d of the Al-Aqsa mosque, the third holiest site in Islam which is in a compound in Jerusalem sacred to Jews and Muslims, with some communications stressing \u201can obligation for individuals to take action to the limits of their own ability.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cMember States are concerned that it (al-Qaida) could exploit the situation to recover relevance and tap into popular dissent about the extent of civilian casualties, providing direction to those keen to act,\u201d the panel said, and they \u201care concerned that the renewed narrative could inspire self-initiated attacks globally.\u201d<\/p>\n Across Europe, the experts said, \u201cformal terrorist threat levels have risen \u2026 following fatal attacks in late 2023 in France and Belgium, in addition to numerous non-lethal terrorist incidents and arrests in several European countries.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n