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DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) \u2014 Iran is responsible for the \u201cphysical violence\u201d that led to the death of Mahsa Amini in September 2022<\/a> and sparked nationwide protests against the country’s mandatory headscarf, or hijab, laws and its ruling theocracy, a U.N. fact-finding mission said Friday.<\/p>\n The stark pronouncement came in a wide-ranging initial report submitted to the U.N. Human Rights Council by the Fact-Finding Mission on Iran.<\/p>\n It also found that the Islamic Republic employed \u201cunnecessary and disproportionate use of lethal force\u201d to put down the demonstrations that erupted following Amini’s death, and that Iranian security forces sexually assaulted detainees.<\/p>\n The monthslong security crackdown killed more than 500 people and saw over 22,000 detained.<\/p>\n There was no immediate comment on the report from Iran. Iranian officials did not respond to requests for comment from The Associated Press on the mission\u2019s findings.<\/p>\n The release of the report is unlikely to change the trajectory of Iran’s government, now more firmly in the hands of hard-liners after a low-turnout vote last week put them back in charge of the country’s parliament<\/a>.<\/p>\n However, it provides further international pressure on Tehran amid wider Western concerns about its advancing nuclear program<\/a>, Iran’s arming of Russia in Moscow’s war on Ukraine<\/a> and the continued harassment and imprisonment of activists, including Nobel Peace Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u201cThe protests were unprecedented because of the leadership of women and youth, in their reach and longevity and, ultimately, the state\u2019s violent response,\u201d the report says.<\/p>\n Amini, 22, died on Sept. 16, 2022, in a hospital after her arrest by the country’s morality police over allegedly not wearing her hijab to the liking of the authorities. She was brought to Iran’s Vozara detention facility to undergo a \u201cre-education class,” but collapsed after 26 minutes and was taken to a hospital 30 minutes later, according to the report.<\/p>\n Iran has denied being responsible for her death or that she had been beaten. At times, authorities have pointed to a medical condition Amini had from childhood after a surgery. The U.N. report dismissed that as a cause of her death.<\/p>\n The panel “has established the existence of evidence of trauma to Ms. Amini\u2019s body, inflicted while in the custody of the morality police,” the report says.<\/p>\n \u201cBased on the evidence and patterns of violence by the morality police in the enforcement of the mandatory hijab on women, the mission is satisfied that Ms. Amini was subjected to physical violence that led to her death,\u201d it said.<\/p>\n The report stops short, however, of blaming anyone specifically for harming Amini.<\/p>\n The protests that followed Amini’s death started first with the chant \u201cWomen, Life, Freedom.\u201d However, the protesters’ chanting and cries soon grew into open calls of revolt against Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.<\/p>\n The U.N. report found Iranian security forces used shotguns, assault rifles and submachine guns against demonstrators \u201cin situations where there was no imminent threat of death or serious injury” to them, \u201cthereby committing unlawful and extrajudicial killings.\u201d<\/p>\n It also found a pattern of protesters being shot intentionally in the eye.<\/p>\n \u201cThe mission notes the deterrent and chilling effect of such injuries, as they permanently marked the victims, essentially \u2018branding\u2019 them as protesters,\u201d the report says.<\/p>\n Some of those detained faced sexual violence, including rape, the threat of rape, forced nudity, groping and electrocution of their genitals, according to the report.<\/p>\n \u201cThe security forces played on social and cultural stigma connected to sexual and gender-based violence to spread fear and humiliate and punish women, men and children,\u201d the report says.<\/p>\n The panel also acknowledged it continued to investigate the 2023 death of teenager Armita Garavand<\/a>, who died after falling on the Tehran Metro in what activists allege was an attack over her not wearing a hijab.<\/p>\n Geravand\u2019s parents appeared in a state media video at the time saying a blood pressure issue, a fall or perhaps both contributed to their daughter\u2019s death.<\/p>\n \u201cIn actions reminiscent of Ms. Amini\u2019s case, the state authorities took measures to obfuscate the circumstances leading to Ms. Garavand\u2019s death,\u201d the report says.<\/p>\n