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South Africa will not remove scientists from a remote base in Antarctica after investigating allegations that one of them physically assaulted and sexually harassed other researchers at the outpost, the country\u2019s environment department said on Tuesday.<\/p>\n
\u201cThere were no incidents that required any of the nine overwintering team members to be brought back to Cape Town,\u201d Dion George, South Africa\u2019s environment minister, said in a statement to The New York Times. He added, \u201cAll on the base is calm and under control.\u201d<\/p>\n
The accusations against a researcher at the base, called Sanae IV, were first reported to the government last month, Dr. George said. Since then, South African authorities had been investigating the claims, he said. But from almost 2,700 miles away, and with limited access to the isolated scientists, investigators faced unique challenges. <\/p>\n
Antarctica is one of the most inhospitable places on earth, with limited infrastructure and an extreme climate. Researchers there can be essentially cut off from the rest of the world for months on end. The unpredictable weather, icy surface and months of darkness make it nearly impossible to come and go<\/a> freely.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Those harsh conditions have routinely made it difficult for countries to scrutinize researchers\u2019 behavior. For a continent without permanent residents, Antarctica has been host to a notable amount of crime and misconduct<\/a>.<\/p>\n Jane K. Willenbring, who is now a professor at Stanford<\/a>, said that a renowned geologist harassed<\/a> her when she was a graduate student during an expedition in 1999 and 2000. She filed a complaint in 2016, once she had received tenure.<\/p>\n In 2018, a researcher at a Russian station stabbed a colleague in what The Associated Press<\/a> described as \u201can apparent emotional breakdown.\u201d<\/p>\n And South Africa\u2019s teams have run into trouble at remote outposts before: In 2017, a researcher on a base between the mainland and Antarctica took an ax to another\u2019s laptop \u201cbecause of a love triangle,\u201d according to the summary of a parliamentary meeting<\/a>.<\/p>\n Last month\u2019s allegations of assault and harassment were first reported by The Sunday Times<\/a>, a South African newspaper, which quoted what it described as an email sent to the government that expressed fear and described an assault, concerning behavior and threatening language.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n The New York Times could not independently verify the contents of the email. Dr. George did not respond to a specific request to confirm them.<\/p>\n The alleged assault was reported less than a month after the team left South Africa on Feb. 1 for its mission, which is set to last 13 months.<\/p>\n Dr. George said that the scientist accused of the assault, whom he did not identify, had \u201cwritten a formal apology to the victim,\u201d \u201cshown remorse\u201d and willingly undergone a psychological evaluation.<\/p>\n But the episode highlighted a worrisome pattern of misconduct at Antarctic research stations, several scientists said. Harassment during field work in Antarctica \u201cis a known problem that is now being taken very seriously,\u201d Mathieu Morlighem, an earth sciences professor at Dartmouth, said in an email to The Times.<\/p>\n \u201cWhen teams of people are deployed for weeks (or sometime months) in complete isolation and in extremely harsh environments, it is difficult for victims to report misbehavior because you can\u2019t get away from the team,\u201d Professor Morlighem said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Researchers who travel to Antarctica often participate in rigorous predeployment vetting processes<\/a>, much like astronauts<\/a> preparing to go to space.<\/p>\n South Africa, for instance, looks at the \u201ctechnical skills, psychological aspects, medical history and interpersonal relationship history\u201d of potential base members, Dr. George said. If a researcher had any \u201cnegative outcomes\u201d during those evaluations, they would not be appointed to the team, he said.<\/p>\n \u201cAt the time the vessel departed for Antarctica\u201d on Feb. 1, he said, \u201call was in order.\u201d<\/p>\n There would be scientific considerations at play in any conversation about the removal of a scientist from the base.<\/p>\n Teams often rely on every member to keep a base functioning over the Antarctic winter, Dawn Sumner, a professor of earth and planetary sciences at the University of California, Davis, wrote in an email. It would likely not be possible for just one person to be removed from the base, Dr. Sumner said.<\/p>\n If a base were left unattended, \u201cit would not be functional when people could return in the spring or summer,\u201d Dr. Sumner said. \u201cThat would be a huge infrastructure loss for the South African Antarctic program.\u201d<\/p>\n But the brutal Antarctic winter \u2014 most severe in July and August \u2014 is still to come.<\/p>\n \u201cThey are having these extreme problems and it isn\u2019t even dark yet,\u201d Dr. Sumner said. \u201cIt is a horrible situation.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n