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Iran has proposed the creation of a joint nuclear enrichment venture involving regional Arab countries and American investments as an alternative to Washington\u2019s demand that it dismantle its nuclear program, according to four Iranian officials familiar with the plan.<\/p>\n
Iran\u2019s foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, proposed the idea to an American special envoy, Steve Witkoff, when the two men held direct and indirect talks in Oman on Sunday, according to the four Iranian officials. They asked not to be named because they were discussing sensitive issues.<\/p>\n
On Tuesday several Iranian media outlets published front-page accounts of Iran\u2019s \u201cnew plan on the negotiating table.\u201d One of those outlets was the newspaper Farhikhtegan, which is affiliated with the Revolutionary Guards Corps. It raised the question of whether the proposal was \u201ca service or treason.\u201d<\/p>\n
Mr. Witkoff\u2019s office, the State Department and the National Security Council did not immediately respond to requests for comment about the negotiations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
It was not immediately clear how feasible a regional nuclear venture might be if it involved Iran and two of its biggest rivals, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.<\/p>\n
Iran and the United States have not had diplomatic relations for 45 years, and private American companies may also be reluctant to invest in Iran\u2019s nuclear reactors.<\/p>\n
President Trump, on a visit to Saudi Arabia on Tuesday<\/a>, criticized Iran over its support for proxy militant groups in the Middle East, but he said that a diplomatic resolution with Iran would make the region safer.<\/p>\n \u201cI want to make a deal with Iran,\u2019\u201d Mr. Trump said. \u201cIf I can make a deal with Iran, I\u2019ll be very happy, if we\u2019re going to make your region and the world a safer place.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n But Iranian leaders, he warned, need to make a decision soon, or else they will face still more economic pressure from sanctions. \u201cThe time is right now for them to choose,\u201d he said<\/a>. \u201cRight now, we don\u2019t have a lot of time to wait.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Iran\u2019s proposal entails the establishment of a three-country nuclear consortium in which Iran would enrich uranium to a low grade, beneath that needed for nuclear weapons, and then ship it to other Arab countries for civilian use, according to the four Iranian officials and news reports. <\/span><\/p>\n A deal that would allow Iran to enrich uranium to 3.67 percent would bear similarity to the 2015 nuclear agreement between Iran and world powers. But a major difference would be the on-the-ground presence of representatives from other countries \u2014 perhaps even the United States \u2014 to provide an extra layer of oversight and involvement.<\/p>\n The four Iranian officials said that unlike the 2015 nuclear deal, which had a 15-year expiration date, the joint venture plan would be permanent. That would allow Mr. Trump, who pulled the United States out of that deal, to argue that he had obtained significantly more from Iran than President Barack Obama did.<\/p>\n Ali Vaez, the Iran director of the International Crisis Group, said that while the venture idea was new and untested, the negotiators needed to try a different approach. \u201cThey basically are at a point where they must move beyond the maximum zero sum demands in order for both sides to save face,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Before Sunday\u2019s talks in Oman, it appeared that Iran and the United States were heading into an impasse, <\/span>raising the risk of a military confrontation. Iranian and American officials have both said they want to avert war and resolve the standoff diplomatically.<\/p>\n After weeks of contradictory remarks about what exactly Washington was demanding from Tehran, Mr. Witkoff told Breitbart News in an interview<\/a> that the United States sought to completely dismantle Iran\u2019s nuclear program, meaning no enrichment, and shut down its three key facilities in Natanz, Fordow and Isfahan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Iranian officials have said many times that shutting down the nuclear program would constitute a red line, and Mr. Araghchi, the foreign minister, quickly responded to Mr. Witkoff in interviews with Iranian media. Iran, he said, had paid \u201cwith blood\u201d for its civilian nuclear program \u2014 a reference to nuclear scientists assassinated by Israel<\/a>. Its right to enrich uranium to a civilian grade, he said, was a matter of \u201cnational pride\u201d and nonnegotiable.<\/p>\n But after Mr. Witkoff and Mr. Araghchi met for three hours<\/a> in Oman, both sides emerged with a conciliatory tone, describing the negotiations as productive and encouraging. They said talks would proceed to expert technical teams that typically negotiate details around nuclear facilities and financial issues related to sanctions relief.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Oman\u2019s foreign minister, Badr Albusaidi, said in a social media post<\/a> that the talks Sunday had included \u201cuseful and original ideas reflecting a shared wish to reach an honorable agreement.\u201d<\/p>\n Mr. Araghchi visited Saudi Arabia before meeting the Americans and traveled to the United Arab Emirates immediately after meeting Mr. Witkoff.<\/p>\n It was not immediately clear whether Saudi Arabia and the U.A.E. were interested in a joint nuclear venture with Iran.<\/p>\n Both countries have said they are eager for a deal<\/a> between Tehran and Washington to avoid a regional war, but they also both have ambitions to build civilian nuclear programs<\/a>.<\/p>\n In 2020, the Emirates became the first Arab country to open a nuclear power plant,<\/a> saying it needed nuclear energy to reduce its reliance on oil, but its agreement with the United States forbids it from enriching uranium. That raised concerns that it could set off a race among Arab nations for nuclear programs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Seyed Hossein Mousavian, a former Iranian diplomat and member of its nuclear negotiating team in 2015, originally wrote about the idea of a regional nuclear consortium in 2023 in an article<\/a> in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Mr. Mousavian, now a scholar at Princeton, wrote it with physicist at that university, Frank von Hippel.<\/p>\n In an interview, Mr. Mousavian said that if the proposal moves forward, it would address several of America\u2019s concerns. It would remove the immediate threat of Iran\u2019s nuclear program by reducing its enrichment capacity and stockpile. He said it would also address longer-term concerns about Iran reversing course, as it did a year after Mr. Trump exited the nuclear deal in 2018. <\/p>\n \u201cIf Trump announces a regional nuclear deal, it will be big victory,\u201d Mr. Mousavian said. \u201cIt removes the immediate and future threat from Iran and contains enrichment ambitions in the region and brings new deals for Americans.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n