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Six teenagers were convicted by a court in Paris on Friday in connection with the attack on Samuel Paty, a history teacher whose killing by an Islamist extremist in 2020 shook France to its core.<\/p>\n
Five of the defendants, former middle-school students at the school where Mr. Paty taught, were found guilty of helping the killer identify and track the teacher, although they were not believed to have known that he intended to kill. They were convicted on charges of being involved in a criminal conspiracy to prepare a violent assault.<\/p>\n
Mr. Paty, 47, had shown caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad during a civics class to illustrate free speech, and was subsequently beheaded because of the act on Oct. 16, 2020, near the school where he worked in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, a northwestern suburb of Paris.<\/p>\n
The assailant, Abdoullakh Anzorov<\/a>, was an 18-year-old Russian of Chechen descent. He had stalked Mr. Paty\u2019s school<\/a> the day of the killing and had enlisted the five teenagers\u2019 help in exchange for about $320, telling them he wanted to confront Mr. Paty and force him to apologize. Mr. Anzorov was shot and killed by the police<\/a> shortly after the attack.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n A sixth defendant, a girl who was 13 at the time of the killing, was found guilty of making false allegations against Mr. Paty.<\/p>\n All the defendants received brief or suspended prison sentences with a range of obligations, including requirements that they stay in school or get a job for the duration of their suspended sentence and to get regular medical checkups.<\/p>\n Officials did not publicly name the defendants, who were tried behind closed doors<\/a> by a criminal court for minors because they were not adults at the time of the attack. The defendants, five of whom are still minors, walked in and out of the courtroom on Friday wearing masks, hoodies or sunglasses to shield their faces.<\/p>\n Reporters were legally barred from disclosing their identity or from giving accounts of the proceedings. A separate trial for eight adults who have been charged in the case is expected to be held next year.<\/p>\n Mr. Paty\u2019s killing came after much larger terrorist attacks in 2015<\/a> and 2016<\/a> that left hundreds of people dead. But his killing and the nature of the violence was devastating in a different way and continues to haunt the country<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Teachers in France, who play a crucial role<\/a> in imparting the French Republic\u2019s values of liberty, equality, fraternity and secularism, are seen as the first line of defense of a public school system that many fear is increasingly under threat from Islamic extremism.<\/p>\n Those fears have been heightened<\/a> in recent months by small but deadly Islamist terrorist attacks.<\/p>\n In October, almost three years to the day after Mr. Paty\u2019s murder, another teacher was killed<\/a> at his school in northern France in ominously similar circumstances. The suspect in that case is a former student at the school, a 20-year-old Russian immigrant who pledged allegiance to the Islamic State before going on a stabbing spree in which he also injured three other people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Then, last week, a man with psychiatric disorders and a history of radicalization<\/a> killed a German tourist near the Eiffel Tower and injured several other people with a knife and a hammer, an attack that put the country further on edge.<\/p>\n In the case involving Mr. Paty, prosecutors had accused five of the defendants of helping Mr. Anzorov identify and track the teacher, including by keeping watch outside their school, and also telling Mr. Anzorov what the teacher looked like, and by pointing him out as he left the school.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Defense lawyers argued that their clients, who were ages 14 to 15 at the time of the killing, did not know that Mr. Anzorov intended to kill Mr. Paty.<\/p>\n Mr. Paty, who taught civics, had shown the students caricatures published by the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo \u2014 itself the target of a massacre<\/a> in 2015 \u2014 to illustrate the right to blasphemy, free speech and freedom of conscience.<\/p>\n Prosecutors had said that the sixth defendant, the girl, had told her parents at the time that Mr. Paty had singled out Muslim students in the classroom, asking them to leave before he showed the caricatures.<\/p>\n In reality, the girl had not attended that class and Mr. Paty had not ordered Muslim students to leave the classroom. She had been given a two-day suspension from school for unrelated reasons, but told her parents that she had been punished for complaining to Mr. Paty about the caricatures.<\/p>\n The girl\u2019s false account, prosecutors have said, set off a tragic chain reaction. Her father spread the girl\u2019s claims on social media. When Mr. Anzorov, who lived nearly 60 miles away, learned of the controversy, he then set out to kill Mr. Paty.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n